Know-how
Costs, taxes, mortgages, buyer rights. Every piece carries a review date and its sources.
9 articles
Know-how
A risk score summarises a developer's filings, finances and track record. It is a screening tool: it cannot see a project's budget, group structure or your contract. Read it together with the escrow type, the DFG, the land register and the prospectus.
Know-how
Polish supervisory rules do not mention citizenship: your residence document and income currency decide. With a residence card and złoty income, expect about 20% down (10% with insurance). What banks ask of each group, late-2026 costs and currency risk.
Know-how
Shell-and-core means walls, screeds and installations ready for finishing; turnkey means ready to live in. Neither is a legal term: you get what the finishing annex of your developer agreement describes, so compare that document, not the label.
Know-how
Banks take confirmed net income, deduct living costs and existing commitments (including unused card limits), and test the instalment at a rate at least 2.5 points higher. A worked example shows why the buffer alone can cut the maximum loan by about a fifth.
Know-how
Buying from a developer: VAT is already in the price and there is normally no 2% PCC. Owning: an annual property tax of up to 1.25 zł per m² in 2026. Renting and selling have their own rules, explained here with the points that still need a tax adviser.
Know-how
Polish law has two escrow types. Open escrow releases your payments to the developer stage by stage after bank checks; closed escrow releases them only after ownership is transferred. The developer pays a DFG contribution of 0.45% (open) or 0.1% (closed).
Know-how
The reservation agreement is optional, written, and capped at a 1% fee. The developer agreement is a notarial deed with mandatory content set by law. Neither has a cooling-off period: you can withdraw only on grounds listed in the Developer Act, often within 30 days.
Know-how
VAT is inside the price and there is usually no PCC. You pay notary fees for two deeds (the developer agreement is split 50/50), land-register court fees, bank costs and fit-out. For a 600,000 zł flat with a mortgage, notary and court fees are about 4,750 zł at maximum rates.
Know-how
Non-EEA foreigners usually need no permit to buy a self-contained flat in Poland; EEA and Swiss citizens do not need one for a flat. Exceptions: the border zone, houses and plots. What the notary and banks ask for, and how signing works without Polish.
Data
The same points as in the text, on live prices and registers.
Prices from developers' price lists, updated daily
Median price per m² and number of listings in each district
Company history and signals from public registers
Where the developer data comes from and what the score means
Describe it in two sentences. We will say what in this text applies to you and where you need a lawyer.
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Calculators with stated assumptions: payment, borrowing capacity, buying costs, yield.
Procedures from reservation to handover: what to do, in what order, what to check.
Short answers to what buyers ask most, grouped by topic.
Renting, yield, taxes and risk: looking at a flat as an investment.